True/False1. The order action report indicated which orders are to be released during the current time period and which orders are to be canceled.2. The objective of enterprise systems is to provide seamless, real-time information to all employees who need it, throughout the entire organization, and to those outside the organization.3. The focus of the “united federation” approach is on implementing a few key processes. Typically, a subset of the available modules is implemented to support these key processes.4. When the scheduling activities are computerized and ties in with purchasing, accounting, sales, engineering, and other such functional areas, the result is known as material requirement planning.5. With the enterprise resource planning (ERP) approach, information is entered once at the source and made available to all stakeholders needing it.6. Many items, particularly finished products, experience independent demand; that is, demand unrelated to that for other items.7. Only some crucial items in the master production schedule require a bill of materials.8. In implementing ERP systems, the most significant challenge that organizations face is the difficulty of customizing an ERP system to meet an organization’s unique needs and processes.9. Numerical control allows machine to operate automatically through coded instructions.10. Business Process Design (BPD) or “reengineering” attempts to make gradual and continuous improvements in the organization’s operations.11. Forecasting is represented by the rate at which a transformation system can create outputs.12. Some of the most significant decisions made by organizations, frequently strategic decisions, are made on the basis of qualitative forecasts.13. Bottlenecks are places in the production process where production slows down because of a slow or insufficient number of resources.14. Scheduling function is oriented primarily toward the acquisition of productive resources, whereas capacity concerns the timing of their use.15. The learning curve is the ability of humans to increase their productive capacity through learning.16. The amount of output of acceptable quality emerging from a production system compared with the amount that entered it is called economies of scale.17. Efficiency is defined as output divided by input. True18. The actual output relative to some expected, designed, or normal output rate is known as throughput time.19. Level zero items are planned outputs broken down into individually scheduled items the customers actually want.20. Priority planning refers to giving priorities to jobs.21. The two pure aggregate planning strategies are referred to as chase demand and chase production.22. In the traditional functional organization, the main players in creating the master schedule are finance and logistics.23. In the allocation of capacity, overbooking is an attempt to reduce costs through better schedule management.24. In chase demand, production is identical to the expected demand for the period in question.25. Scheduling must be built into the flow transformation process when the facility is designed and therefore need not be constantly changed.26. Master scheduling is a dynamic but stable process.27. Transit inventories exist because materials must be moved from one location to another.28. Risk costs include interest on money invested in inventory and in the land, buildings, and equipment necessary to hold and maintain the inventory.29. Periodic review systems are especially appropriate for retailers ordering families of goods30. Medium-value items used in the ABC system include the 40 to 50 percent of the items that account for 10 to 15 percent of the annual inventory value.31. A problem that is recognized with holding inventory is that product defects become hidden in the inventory, thereby increasing scrap and rework later in the production system.32. The major components of inventory holding/carrying costs include capital costs, storage costs, and risk costs.33. Anticipation inventories serve to cushion the effect of unpredictable events.34. The ABC classification system is based on the annual dollar purchases of an inventoried item.35. Bottlenecks govern shop throughput and work-in-process inventories.36. Not much emphasis is placed on quality in most lean systems.37. The common practice of simply adding up task durations often leads to unrealistic project due dates as a result of assuming that task times are known and that paths are independent.38.Work breakdown structures provide the basis for the project master schedule.Short Answer1. At the highest, or zero level, the BOM (bill of materials) normally shows the finished product, sometimes called the _______ item.2. The most commonly used approach to implementing an ERP is known as the “United _______” approach.3.The crucial process of estimating demand for an organization’s output so that its capacity is properly adjusted is known as:4. Besides operations, this department is a main player in creating the master schedule:5. The famed lean manufacturing system is also known as ______ Production System.6. Planning and controlling efficient, effective flows of goods, services, and information from one point to another is a definition for:7. Safety stocks, which serve to cushion the effect of unpredictable events, are also known as _______ inventories.8. The ABC concept is also known by other names, such as the 80-20 rule and the _______ principle, after the economist who discovered the effect.9. Activities that require no time to accomplish but need to be entered into a project network to indicate that previous events must be required are also known as _____ activities.