Question1. Which of the following includes all the others?A) atom B) cell C) organism D) population2. In science, a hypothesis must be A) testable B) derived from a theory C) a known factD) able to be proven absolutely true3. A chlorine atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. The atomic number of chlorine is A) 8 B) 17 C) 35 D) 524. If you place the probe of a pH meter in lye or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), it will read pH 14. Sodium hydroxide is A) an acid B) neutral C) a base5. This polysaccharide forms fibers that are a major component of plant cell walls:A) glucose B) starch C) cellulose D) glycogen6. Which of these types of molecules contain nitrogen?A) polysaccharides B) proteins C) steroids7. Fats contain more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins becauseA) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of oxygen atomsB) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of hydrogen atomsC) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of carbon atomsD) fat molecules contain a higher percentage of adipose atoms8. Prokaryotic cells, with no nucleus or membranous organelles, are found inA) animals B) bacteria C) fungi D) plants9. The main function of a ribosome is to A) extract energy from glucoseB) synthesize glucose C) store food in the form of fatD) synthesize proteins10. Mitochondria A) package proteins for secretion from cell B) contain chromosomesC) are sites of oxidation of glucose to generate ATP D) synthesize proteins11. The plasma membrane consists of A) a single layer of phospholipid moleculesB) a double layer of phospholipid molecules in which proteins are embeddedC) several layers of protein and carbohydrate moleculesD) a triple layer of phospholipids and carbohydrates12. The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration across a membrane to a region of high concentration by use of ATP energy is A) active transportB) diffusion C) passive transport D) osmosis13. The oxygen in our atmosphere is produced by A) greenhouse effectB) cellular respiration C) photosynthesis D) volcanic eruptions14. Yeast cells break down glucose anaerobically intoA) ethanol and CO2B) lactic acid and CO2C) lactic acid and H2O D) ethanol and H2O15. Carbon dioxide is released in A) the light-dependent phase of photosynthesisB) the Krebs cycle C) glycolysis D) the Calvin cycle16. If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is lower than the concentration insideA) water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis B) water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis C) glucose will tend to enter the cell by osmosis D) glucose will tend to leave the cell by osmosis17. What happens if a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution?A) the cell will shrink B) the cell will swell and may burstC) the cell will remain the same size18. Which of the following isnot a characteristic of enzymes? A) they are proteinsB) they speed up the rate of chemical reactions C) they act on specific substances called substrates D) they are used up in each reaction, thus need to be produced in large quantities19. Which of these doesnot have to be present for photosynthesis to occur?A) water B) carbon dioxide C) glucose D) chlorophyll20. Each new cell produced by this process will have an identical copy ofall chromosomes and genes possessed by the parent cell: A) mitosis B) meiosis21. During the first division of meiosis, A) chromosomes separate at the centromereB) homologous chromosomes separate C) chromosomes become triploid22. If a normal parent and an albino parent have albino child, the genotypes of the parents areA) AA x Aa B) Aa x Aa C) Aa x aa D) aa x aa23. The number of chromosomes in a human egg cell is A) 4 B) 23 C) 46 D) 4824. A change in DNA base sequence from CATAC to CACAC would describeA) translation B) replication C) transcription D) mutation25. Which of these processes doesnotoccur in the nucleus?A) DNA replication B) transcription C) translation26. tRNA molecules contain anticodons and carry amino acids to be used in this process:A) mutation B) DNA replication C) transcription D) translation27. Exchange of genes between maternal and paternal chromosomes before the first division of meiosis is caused byA) X-linkage B) crossing over C) replication D) cytokinesis28. Which isnot a subunit of DNA? A) adenine B) guanine C) uracil D) phosphate29. A karyotype of an individual with Down syndrome has how many chromosomes?A) 3 B) 23 C) 46 D) 4730. If a heterozygous male mates with an albino female, what percentage of albino children would be expected? A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 100%31. A father with genotype IAIB and mother with phenotype O could produce children with these blood types: A) AB only B) A and B only C) A, B, and AB onlyD) A, B, AB, and O32. During DNA replication, an old DNA strand with base sequence ATCTGAGTA would serve as a template to form a new complementary strand with the base sequence:A) TAGACTCAT B) ATCTGAGTA C) AUCUCUGUA33. In peas, tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t) and, on a separate chromosome set, purple flower (P) is dominant to white flower (p). If Gregor Mendel crosses the genotypes TtPp and ttPp, what is the expected ratio of phenotypes in the offspring?A) 9/16 tall purple flowered, 3/16 tall white, 3/16 dwarf purple, 1/16 dwarf whiteB) 3/8 tall purple flowered, 1/8 tall white, 3/8 dwarf purple, 1/8 dwarf whiteC) 1/4 tall purple flowered, 1/4 tall white, 1/4 dwarf purple, 1/4 dwarf whiteD) 3/4 tall purple flowered, 1/4 dwarf white34. Queen Victoria’s son Leopold had hemophilia, which is caused by a sex-linked recessive gene (Xh). Leopold lived to be 31 years old and fathered a normal daughter. What is the genotype of his daughter?A) XHXH B) XHXhC) XhXh D) XHY35. Microevolution by genetic drift is more likely inA) large populations B) small populations36. New alleles appear in a species by A) genetic drift B) mutationC) gene flow D) natural selection37. The insect wing, bat wing, and bird wing areA) analogous structures B) homologous structures38. Speciation is most likely when a huge continental population of a snail species A) undergoes genetic drift B) is forced north by global warmingC) is divided in two over the eons by the rise of a mountain range39. Groups of organisms that interbreed in nature and are reproductively isolated from other such groups defines A) communities B) hybridsC) families D) species40. Certain species of ants protect, and receive food from, certain species of acacia trees in the tropics. This exemplifies A) predation B) mutualism C) competition41. The most important cause of species extinction due to humans in recent centuries isA) disease B) global warming C) genetic engineering D) habitat loss42. If the decomposers were removed from an ecosystem, the other organisms would eventually die because A) green plants would run out of necessary minerals in the soil B) green plants would lose their energy source C) herbivores must eat decomposers D) decomposers release oxygen needed by the other organisms43. The source of energy for an ecosystem is A) nutrients in the soil B) waterC) sunlight D) recycled energy from decomposers44. Fungi are primarily A) producers B) herbivores C) carnivores D) decomposers45. If deer are placed on an island with aconstant, renewable food supplyand a stable biologicalcommunity with predators, the growth curveafter several decadeswould be described as aA) J-curve [exponential] B) S-curve [logistic]46. Professor Hotsun is studying a desert ecosystem containing fig trees, fig-eating rats, rateating snakes, and snake-eating lizards. If the fig trees produce one million kcal of energy, about how much energy would be contained in the population ofrat-eating snakes?A) 100,000 kcalB) 50,000 kcalC) 10,000 kcalD) 1000 kcal47. Colorblindness (Xb) is X-linked and recessive. Blondie is normal, and not a carrier, but her husband Dagwood is colorblind. If their daughter Cookie marries a colorblind man, what phenotypes can Cookie expect in her sons?A) all normal B) all colorblind C) 1/2 colorblind, 1/2 normal48. John has type A blood. John’s father has type O blood. Mary has type B blood. Mary’s mother is type A. The possible blood types of John and Mary’s daughters areA) AB only B) A or AB only C) B or AB only D) A, B, AB or OHere is a list of mRNA codons and their amino acids. Use this information to answer #49 and #50:AAU – asparagine AUC – isoleucine CAA – glutamine CAU – histidineCGU – arginine CUU – leucine GAA – glutamate GAU – aspartateGCA – alanine GGC – glycine UGU – cysteine49. The sequence of amino acids of Arginine-Alanine-Leucine would be coded by this sequence of bases onmRNA: A) CGUGCACUU B) GUGCACAAC) GCACGTGAA D) GAAGCAGGC50. A sequence of bases on aDNA strand of GAATTACGT would code for this amino acid sequence:A) Leucine-Asparagine-Alanine B) Aspartate-Glutamate-AlanineC) Glutamine-Cysteine- Histidine D) Leucine-Glutamate-Histidine
