I have a advanced pharmacology exam. but I have another exam at the same time. I have short time to study more materials to get the slides for the exam. I need a clear and good explanation for the slide to be able to save my time to study the other. I need a good explanation to be able to study in a short time, I uploaded all 3 lectures. Please make a clear, easy, good explanation to cover everything those lectures the cohesion and adhesive. one of the file is Pdf.
Cancer Smörgåsbord:
Treatments for breast, ovarian, prostate,
cervical, and testicular cancer
PBS 7300 Med Chem Pharmacology
Learning Objectives
Recognize variability in approaches to treatment in each type
Describe chemotherapies and their mechanism of action (attacking the hallmarks of cancer!)
Apply lecture materials to determine therapy of choice
Understand complexities balancing effectiveness and side effects
Attacking the hallmarks of cancer
BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer incidence
Most common cancer in women
(excluding skin cancer)
Most common cause of cancer
deaths in Hispanic women
Second most common cause of
female cancer deaths in all other
races/ethnicities
Affects males too!
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Volume: 69, Issue: 1, Pages: 7-34, First published: 08 January 2019, DOI: (10.3322/caac.21551)
Breast cancer risk factors and risk reduction
RISK FACTORS
RISK REDUCERS
Age
Alcohol
Smoking
Night-shift work
Exposure to radiation (ionizing)
Genetic factors (BRCA1/2)
History of breast cancer (personal,
familial)
Breast feeding
Physical activity
Possibly diet
fruits and veggies
low fat
Breast physiology
– multiple cell types, well-vascularized, near many lymph nodes
Breast density variation and cancer risk
Category
A
B
C
D
fatty
scattered density
heterogeneously dense
extremely dense
North Carolina Breast Density Law
Your mammogram indicates that you may have dense breast tissue. Dense breast tissue is relatively common and is found in more than forty percent (40%) of
women. The presence of dense tissue may make it more difficult to detect abnormalities in the breast and may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
We are providing this information to raise your awareness of this important factor and to encourage you to talk with your physician about this and other breast cancer
risk factors. Together, you can decide which screening options are right for you. A report of your results was sent to your physician.
Breast cancer subtypes
RECEPTOR EXPRESSION
ER (estrogen receptor)
PR (progesterone
receptor)
HER2 (human epidermal
growth factor 2)
SUBTYPE INCIDENCE
Hormone receptor positive
cancers (ER and/or PR) occur in
80% of all cases
HER2 overexpression is present
in 23% of all patients
67% of HER2-positive are also
hormone receptor positive
Breast cancer treatment Hormone positive (ER/PR)
ENDOCRINE THERAPIES (ET)
1) Deplete estrogens
2) Target Estrogen receptor
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Volume 172, September 2017, Pages 106-116
Deplete estrogens aromatase inhibitors
– aromatase makes nearly all estrogens in postmenopausal women
– conversion occurs in peripheral tissues
